Table of contents

This article contains a non-comprehensive list of articles the editors of WikiAnesthesia feel should exist, and will serve as a continuously evolving table of contents as the site grows from contributions from the anesthesia community.

Links which are blue already exist on the wiki (but would surely benefit from additions and revisions). Links which are red do not currently exist as articles on the site.

To create a new article:

1. Click the red link to be taken to the editor for the new article.
2. If possible, use the appropriate page template in the Page templates menu () of the editor. If using a page template:
   1. Fill out the standardized fields for the infobox of the article, which can be edited by double-clicking the box containing the article title in the upper right hand corner of the editor.
   2. Use the predefined structure from the template as a basis for the article. Feel free to modify this structure as warranted by the content.
3. Add categories for each level of the table of contents. Categories are added to articles via the Page options menu () of the editor. For example, the article for Small bowel resection should have categories added for "Intestinal surgery", "General surgery", and "Surgical procedure".
4. After saving the article at least once, add the article's redirects (i.e. aliases) to the new article. This will allow alternative titles for the same article to be easily searched. For each redirect to be added:
   1. Click the red link to be taken to the editor for the redirect.
   2. Click "Page settings" in the Page options menu () of the editor.
   3. Check the box for "Redirect this page to" and start typing the title of the new article, which should appear as an autocompleted suggestion (as long the new article has been saved at least once).
   4. Click "Apply changes".
   5. Click "Save page...".

If you add a new article which is not currently listed but has a natural place in the table of contents, please edit this list to include it. We kindly ask that you do not make major structural changes to the table of contents before running it by an editor first.

Airway management

• Airway anatomy
• Airway assessment
• Aspiration under anesthesia
• Difficult airway algorithm
• Endobronchial intubation (Redirects: Mainstem intubation)
• Preoxygenation
• Transtracheal ventilation

Airway equipment

• Bag valve mask (Redirects: Ambu bag, BVM)
• Bougie
• Breathing circuits (Redirects: Ayre's T-piece, Bain system, Jackson-Rees, Lack system, Magill system, Mapleson A, Mapleson B, Mapleson C, Mapleson D, Mapleson E, Mapleson F, Waters bag)
• Bronchial blocker

Endotracheal tube

Redirects: ETT

• Double-lumen endotracheal tube (Redirects: DLT, Double-lumen endobronchial tube)
• Electromyographic endotracheal tube (Redirects: EMG ETT, NIM EMG ETT)
• Microlaryngeal endotracheal tube (Redirects: Microlaryngoscopy tube, MLT)
• Reinforced endotracheal tube (Redirects: Armored endotracheal tube, Wire-reinforced endotracheal tube)
• Ring-Adair-Elwyn endotracheal tube (Redirects: Nasal RAE, Oral RAE, RAE ETT)

Laryngoscope blades

• Macintosh laryngoscope blade (Redirects: MAC)
• Miller laryngoscope blade (Redirects: Miller)
• Wis-Hipple laryngoscope blade (Redirects: Miller)

• Laser-resistant endotracheal tube (Redirects: Laser ETT)
• Lighted stylet (Redirects: Lightwand)
• Magill forceps

Supplemental oxygen

• Nasal cannula
• Non-rebreather mask
• High-flow nasal cannula (Redirects: HFNC)

Supraglottic airway

Redirects: SGA

• Combitube (Redirects: Esophageal-tracheal double-lumen tube)

Laryngeal mask airway

Redirects: LMA

• LMA Fastrach (Redirects: Intubating LMA)
• LMA ProSeal
• LMA Unique
• LMA Supreme
• I-gel LMA (Redirects: IGel LMA)

• Laryngeal tube (Redirects: King LT)
• Nasopharyngeal airway (Redirects: Nasal airway)
• Oropharyngeal airway (Redirects: Oral airway)

Video laryngoscopes

• C-Mac
• Glidescope

• Yankauer suction tip

Airway procedures

Endotracheal intubation

Redirects: Intubation

• Asleep fiberoptic intubation
• Awake fiberoptic intubation
• Nasal intubation
• Oral intubation

• Cricothyrotomy (Redirects: Cric, Crike, Thyrocricotomy, Cricothyroidotomy, Needle cricothyrotomy)

Laryngoscopy

• Direct laryngoscopy (Redirects: DL)
• Indirect laryngoscopy (Redirects: Fiberoptic laryngoscopy, VL, Video laryngoscopy)

• Tracheotomy (Redirects: Trach, Tracheostomy)

• Pediatric airway management

One lung ventilation

• Bronchial blocker
• Double-lumen endotracheal tube

Anatomy and physiology

• Acid-base homeostasis
• Cerebral physiology
• Consciousness
• Cardiovascular anatomy and physiology
• Gastrointestinal physiology
• Hepatic physiology
• Renal physiology
• Respiratory physiology

Intraoperative emergencies

• Amniotic fluid embolism (Redirects: AFE)
• Anaphylaxis
• Asystole
• Bradycardia (intraoperative emergency)
• Bronchospasm
• Cardiac arrest
• Malignant Hyperthermia
• Pulseless electrical activity (Redirects: PEA arrest)
• Ventricular fibrillation (Redirects: VF, Vfib)
• Ventricular tachycardia (Redirects: Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, Torsades de pointes, VT, Vtach)

Intraoperative monitoring

• Arterial blood pressure (Redirects: ABP)
• Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (Redirects: BAEPs)
• Capnography (Redirects: End-tidal CO2, EtCO2)
• Central venous pressure (Redirects: CVP)
• Cerebral oximetry (Redirects: ScO2)
• Core temperature

Echocardiography

• Transesophageal echocardiography (Redirects: TEE)
• Transthoracic echocardiography (Redirects: TTE)

• Electrocardiography (Redirects: 5-lead electrocardiogram, ECG)
• Electroencephalography (Redirects: BIS, Bispectral index, EEG, Entropy monitoring, Patient state index, PSI, SedLine, Spectral edge frequency)
• Intracranial pressure (Redirects: ICP)
• Motor evoked potentials (Redirects: MEPs)
• Pleth variability index (Redirects: PVI)
• Pulse oximetry (Redirects: Plethysmography, SpO2)
• Pulse pressure variation (Redirects: PPV)
• Precordial doppler
• Pulmonary artery pressure (Redirects: PAP)
• Somatosensory evoked potentials (Redirects: SSEPs)
• Peripheral IV (Redirects: IV, Large bore IV, PIV)
• Urine output (Redirects: UOP)
• Visual evoked potentials (Redirects: VEPs)

Neuraxial and regional anesthesia

Neuraxial anesthesia

• Caudal anesthesia
• Combined spinal and epidural anesthesia (Redirects: CSE)
• Epidural anesthesia (Redirects: Epidural)
• Post-dural-puncture headache (Redirects: PDPH)
• Spinal anesthesia (Redirects: Spinal)
• Local anesthetics
• Local anesthetic adjuvants

Regional anesthesia

• Bier block

Head and neck nerve blocks

• Scalp block

Lower extremity nerve blocks

• Femoral nerve block
• Popliteal nerve block
• Saphenous nerve block

Upper extremity nerve blocks

Brachial plexus blocks

• Interscalene block
• Supraclavicular block
• Infraclavicular block
• Axillary block

• Cervical plexus block
• Digital block
• Wrist block

• Local anesthetics
• Local anesthetic adjuvants

Pathophysiology

Acid-base disorders

Metabolic acidosis

Redirects: Anion gap metabolic acidosis, High anion gap metabolic acidosis, Nongap metabolic acidosis, Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis

Anion gap metabolic acidosis

• Ketoacidosis (Redirects: Alcoholic ketoacidosis, Diabetic ketoacidosis, DKA)
• Lactic acidosis

Nongap metabolic acidosis

• Hyperchloremic acidosis
• Renal tubular acidosis (Redirects: Distal renal tubular acidosis, Proximal renal tubular acidosis, RTA)

• Metabolic alkalosis (Redirects: Contraction alkalosis)
• Respiratory acidosis
• Respiratory alkalosis

Autoimmune disorders

• Evans syndrome

Cardiovascular disorders

• Acute coronary syndrome (Redirects: MI, Myocardial infarction, Unstable angina)
• Angina pectoris (Redirects: Prinzmetal's angina, Stable angina)
• Aortic aneurysm (Redirects: AAA, Abdominal aortic aneurysm, Thoracic aortic aneurysm, TAA, Triple A)
• Aortic dissection (Redirects: Type A dissection, Type B dissection)
• Aortic rupture
• Arteriovenous malformation (Redirects: AVM, Cerebral arteriovenous malformation, Cerebral AVM)
• Brugada syndrome

Cardiac arrhythmias

• Asystole
• Atrial fibrillation (Redirects: Afib)
• Atrial flutter (Redirects: Aflutter)
• Bradycardia (Redirects: Sinus bradycardia)
• Drug-induced QT prolongation (Redirects: QT prolongation)

Heart block

Redirects: Atrioventricular block, AV block, SA block, Sinoatrial block

Bundle branch block

Redirects: Bifascicular block

• Left anterior fascicular block (Redirects: LAFB)
• Left bundle branch block (Redirects: LBBB)
• Left posterior fascicular block (Redirects: LPFB)
• Right bundle branch block (Redirects: RBBB)

• First-degree atrioventricular block (Redirects: 1st-degree atrioventricular block)
• Second-degree atrioventricular block (Redirects: 2nd-degree atrioventricular block, Mobitz I, Mobitz II, Wenckebach block)
• Third-degree atrioventricular block (Redirects: 3rd-degree atrioventricular block, Complete heart block, Trifascicular block)

• Junctional rhythm
• Long QT syndrome (Redirects: Romano-Ward syndrome)

Premature contraction

• Premature atrial contraction (Redirects: PAC)
• Premature junctional contraction (Redirects: PJC)
• Premature ventricular contraction (Redirects: PVC)

• Pulseless electrical activity
• Sick sinus syndrome (Redirects: Tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome)

Tachycardia

Supraventricular tachycardia

Redirects: SVT

• Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (Redirects: AVRT)
• AV-nodal reentrant tachycardia (Redirects: AVNRT)
• Multifocal atrial tachycardia
• Sinus tachycardia

• Ventricular tachycardia

• Ventricular fibrillation
• Wandering atrial pacemaker
• Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (Redirects: WPW)

• Cardiac tamponade

Cardiomyopathy

• Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
• Dilated cardiomyopathy
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Redirects: HOCM)
• Restrictive cardiomyopathy
• Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (Redirects: Broken heart syndrome, Stress cardiomyopathy)
• Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy

Cardiomegaly

• Left atrial enlargement (Redirects: LAE)
• Left ventricular hypertrophy (Redirects: LVH)
• Right atrial enlargement (Redirects: RAE)
• Right ventricular hypertrophy (Redirects: RVH)

Congenital heart defects

• Absent pulmonary valve syndrome

Aortopulmonary septal defects

• Aortopulmonary window
• Double outlet right ventricle (Redirects: DORV)
• Persistent truncus arteriosus (Redirects: PTA)
• Taussig-Bing syndrome
• Transposition of the great vessels (Redirects: d-TGA, dextro-Transposition of the great arteries, l-TGA, levo-Transposition of the great arteries, TGA, TGV)

• Atrial septal defect (Redirects: ASD, Sinus venosus atrial septal defect)
• Atrioventricular septal defect (Redirects: Atrioventricular canal defect, Endocardial cushion defect, AVSD, Ostium primum atrial septal defect)
• Bicuspid aortic valve
• Cor triatriatum
• Coronary artery anomaly (Redirects: AAOCA, Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery)
• Crisscross heart
• Dextrocardia
• Ebstein's anomaly
• Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
• Hypoplastic right heart syndrome (Redirects: Uhl anomaly)
• Lutembacher's syndrome
• Tetralogy of Fallot
• Ventricular inversion
• Ventricular septal defect (Redirects: VSD)

Congenital vascular malformations

• Aberrant subclavian artery
• Anomalous pulmonary venous connection (Redirects: Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection, Scimitar syndrome, Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection)
• Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva
• Coarctation of the aorta
• Congenital stenosis of vena cava
• Double aortic arch
• Interrupted aortic arch
• Overriding aorta
• Patent ductus arteriosus (Redirects: PDA)
• Persistent left superior vena cava
• Pulmonary atresia
• Right-sided aortic arch
• Stenosis of pulmonary artery
• Vascular ring

• Coronary artery disease (Redirects: CAD)
• Coronary steal syndrome (Redirects: Cardiac steal syndrome)
• Endocarditis (Redirects: Acute bacterial endocarditis, Infective endocarditis, Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, Subacute bacterial endocarditis)

Heart failure

Redirects: Biventricular heart failure, CHF, Congestive heart failure, Left-sided heart failure, Right-sided heart failure

• Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (Redirects: HFrEF, Systolic heart failure)
• Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (Redirects: HFpEF, Diastolic dysfunction, Diastolic heart failure)
• Pulmonary heart disease

• Hypertension (comorbidity) (Redirects: Essential hypertension, HTN)
• Pericardial effusion
• Pericarditis
• Peripheral artery disease (Redirects: PAD)
• Pulmonary heart disease (Redirects: Cor pulmonale)
• Pulmonary hypertension (Redirects: PAH, PH, Pulmonary arterial hypertension)

Shock

• Cardiogenic shock
• Obstructive shock
• Distributive shock (Redirects: Septic shock)

Valvular heart disease

• Aortic stenosis (Redirects: AS)
• Aortic regurgitation (Redirects: Aortic insufficiency, AR)
• Mitral stenosis
• Mitral regurgitation (Redirects: Mitral insufficiency, MR)
• Mitral valve prolapse (Redirects: MVP)
• Pulmonary valve stenosis
• Pulmonary valve regurgitation (Redirects: Pulmonary valve insufficiency)
• Tricuspid stenosis (Redirects: TS)
• Tricuspid regurgitation (Redirects: Tricuspid insufficiency, TR)

Cerebrovascular disorders

• Anterior spinal artery syndrome (Redirects: Beck's syndrome)
• Carotid artery stenosis
• Moyamoya disease
• Epidural hematoma
• Intracranial aneurysm (Redirects: Berry aneurysm, Saccular aneurysm)
• Intracranial hemorrhage (Redirects: Intracerebral hemorrhage, Intraparenchymal hemorrhage, Intraventricular hemorrhage, SAH, Subarachnoid hemorrhage)
• Stroke (Redirects: Cerebral infarction, Cerebrovascular accident, CVA, Hemorrhagic stroke, Ischemic stroke)
• Subdural hematoma (Redirects: SDH)
• Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (Redirects: Subclavian steal syndrome, VBI)

Electrolyte disorders

• Hypercalcemia
• Hyperkalemia
• Hypernatremia
• Hypocalcemia
• Hypokalemia
• Hyponatremia (Redirects: Hypotonic hyponatremia, Isotonic hyponatremia)

Endocrine disorders

• Acromegaly
• Adrenal insufficiency (Redirects: Addison's disease)
• Carcinoid syndrome
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
• Cushing's syndrome
• Diabetes insipidus

Diabetes mellitus

• Gestational diabetes
• Type 1 diabetes (Redirects: DM1, T1D)
• Type 2 diabetes (Redirects: DM2, T2D)

• Hyperaldosteronism (Redirects: Bartter syndrome, Conn syndrome)
• Hyperlipidemia (Redirects: HLD)
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Hyperthyroidism (Redirects: Graves' disease, Thyrotoxicosis)
• Hypoaldosteronism
• Hypoparathyroidism
• Hypothyroidism (Redirects: Cretinism, Euthyroid sick syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Myxedema)
• Kallmann syndrome
• Multiple endocrine neoplasia (Redirects: Sipple syndrome, Wagenmann-Froboese syndrome, Wermer syndrome)
• Obesity
• Pheochromocytoma
• Porphyria (Redirects: Acute intermittent porphyria, AIP)
• Serotonin syndrome
• Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (Redirects: SIADH)

Gastrointestinal disorders

• Acute liver failure (Redirects: ALF, Fulminant hepatic failure, Hepatic encephalopathy)

Chronic liver disease

• Cirrhosis (Redirects: Chronic liver failure)
• Hepatocellular carcinoma

• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Redirects: Acid reflux, GERD, Heartburn)
• Hepatitis

Genetic disorders

• Amyloidosis
• Andersen-Tawil syndrome
• Antithrombin III deficiency
• Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
• Bernard-Soulier syndrome
• Brugada syndrome
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
• Congenital afibrinogenemia
• Cystic fibrosis (Redirects: CF)
• Down syndrome (Redirects: Trisomy 21)
• Dysfibrinogenemia
• Edwards syndrome (Redirects: Trisomy 18)
• Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (Redirects: EDS)
• Epidermolysis bullosa (Redirects: EB)
• Fabry disease
• Factor V Leiden
• Friedreich's ataxia
• Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
• Glycogen storage disease (Redirects: Aldolase A deficiency, Andersen disease, Cori's disease, Forbes' disease, Hers' disease, McArdle disease, Pompe disease, Tarui's disease, von Gierke's disease)
• Gray platelet syndrome
• Hemophilia
• Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Redirects: HHT, Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome)
• Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome
• Huntington's disease
• Hypoprothrombinemia
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome
• Kallmann syndrome
• Klippel-Feil syndrome
• Liddle's syndrome
• Long QT syndrome
• Marfan syndrome
• May-Hegglin anomaly
• Multiple endocrine neoplasia
• Noonan syndrome
• Pierre Robin sequence
• Protein C deficiency
• Protein S deficiency
• Loeys-Dietz syndrome
• Muscular dystrophy (Redirects: Becker muscular dystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, Myotonic muscular dystrophy)
• Neurofibromatosis
• Mucopolysaccharidosis (Redirects: Hunter syndrome, Hurler syndrome, Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome, Morquio syndrome, Natowicz syndrome, Sanfilippo syndrome, Scheie syndrome, Sly syndrome)
• Sickle cell disease
• Timothy syndrome
• Treacher Collins syndrome
• von Willebrand disease

Hematologic disorders

Coagulopathies

• Disseminated intravascular coagulation (Redirects: DIC, Purpura fulminans)

Hypercoagulable disorders

• Antiphospholipid syndrome (Redirects: APLS, APS)
• Antithrombin III deficiency (Redirects: ATIII deficiency)
• Essential thrombocythemia
• Factor V Leiden
• Protein C deficiency
• Protein S deficiency

Hypocoagulable disorders

• Evans syndrome
• Bernard-Soulier syndrome
• Congenital afibrinogenemia
• Dysfibrinogenemia
• Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
• Gray platelet syndrome
• Hemophilia (Redirects: Factor IX deficiency, Factor VII deficiency, Factor VIII deficiency, Factor X deficiency, Factor XI deficiency, Factor XII deficiency, Factor XIII deficiency, Haemophilia, Hemophilia A, Hemophilia B, Hemophilia C)
• Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (Redirects: HIT, HITT)
• Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome
• Hypoprothrombinemia
• Thrombocytopenic purpura (Redirects: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, ITP, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic purpura, TTP, Upshaw–Schulman syndrome)
• May-Hegglin anomaly
• von Willebrand disease (Redirects: vWD)

Musculoskeletal disorders

Congenital musculoskeletal disorders

• Down syndrome
• Goldenhar syndrome
• Klippel-Feil syndrome (Redirects: KFS)
• Pierre Robin sequence (Redirects: PRS)
• Treacher Collins syndrome (Redirects: TCS)

Neurologic disorders

• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Redirects: ALS)
• Autonomic dysreflexia
• Chronic pain (comorbidity)
• Dementia
• Dysautonomia
• Essential tremor
• Huntington's disease
• Multiple sclerosis
• Parkinson's disease
• Seizures (Redirects: Epilepsy)
• Stroke
• Substance abuse (Redirects: Drug abuse)

Obstetric complications

• HELLP syndrome

Pulmonary disorders

• Asthma
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Redirects: COPD)
• Cystic fibrosis
• Obstructive sleep apnea (Redirects: OSA)
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Redirects: Coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2)

Renal disorders

• Acute renal failure
• Chronic kidney disease (Redirects: CKD)
• Liddle's syndrome

Perioperative management

• Preoperative patient assessment and management
• Postoperative management

Pharmacology

Drug reference

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

• Edrophonium
• Neostigmine (Redirects: Bloxiverz)
• Physostigmine

Adrenergic receptor modulators

Redirects: Alpha agonists, Alpha antagonists, Beta agonists

Alpha-1 agonists

• Ephedrine
• Epinephrine (Redirects: Adrenaline)
• Norepinephrine (Redirects: Noradrenaline)
• Phenylephrine (Redirects: Neosynephrine)

Alpha-2 agonists

• Clonidine (Redirects: Catapres)
• Dexmedetomidine (Redirects: Precedex)

Alpha-1 antagonists

• Labetalol
• Phenoxybenzamine
• Phentolamine

Beta agonists

Beta-1 selective agonists

• Dobutamine

• Ephedrine
• Epinephrine
• Isoprenaline (Redirects: Isoproterenol)
• Norepinephrine

Beta blockers

Redirects: Beta antagonists

Beta-1 selective antagonists

• Esmolol (Redirects: Brevibloc)
• Metoprolol

• Labetalol

Analgesics

• Acetaminophen (Redirects: Tylenol)

Analgesic adjuvants

• Gabapentin (Redirects: Neurontin)
• Ketamine
• Lidocaine
• Pregabalin (Redirects: Lyrica)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Redirects: NSAIDs

• Aspirin (Redirects: Acetylsalicylic acid)
• Celecoxib (Redirects: Celebrex)
• Ibuprofen
• Ketorolac (Redirects: Toradol)

Opioid analgesics

• Alfentanil
• Buprenorphine
• Codeine
• Fentanyl
• Hydrocodone
• Hydromorphone
• Methadone
• Meperidine
• Morphine
• Oxycodone
• Remifentanil
• Sufentanil

Antibiotics

• Cefazolin (Redirects: Ancef, Kefzol)
• Clindamycin (Redirects: Cleocin)
• Vancomycin

Anticholinergics

• Atropine
• Glycopyrrolate

Antidotes

• Andexanet alfa (Redirects: Andexxa)
• Atropine
• Dantrolene
• Flumazenil
• Glucagon
• Hydroxocobalamin (Redirects: Vitamin B12)
• Methylene blue
• Physostigmine
• Naloxone
• Protamine
• Sugammadex (Redirects: Bridion)

Antiemetics

• Aprepitant (Redirects: Fosaprepitant, Emend)
• Dexamethasone
• Granisetron (Redirects: Kytril)
• Haloperidol (Redirects: Haldol)
• Metoclopramide (Redirects: Reglan)
• Ondansetron (Redirects: Zofran)
• Prochlorperazine (Redirects: Compazine)
• Promethazine (Redirects: Phenergan)
• Propofol
• Scopolamine (Redirects: Hyoscine)

Antihistamines

• Diphenhydramine (Redirects: Benadryl)
• Famotidine (Redirects: Pepcid)

Antithrombotics

Antiplatelet drugs

• Aspirin
• Clopidogrel (Redirects: Plavix)
• Ticagrelor (Redirects: Brilinta)

Anticoagulants

• Apixaban (Redirects: Eliquis)
• Argatroban
• Dabigatran (Redirects: Pradaxa)
• Fondaparinux
• Heparin
• Low-molecular-weight heparin (Redirects: Enoxaparin, Lovenox, LMWH)
• Rivaroxaban (Redirects: Xarelto)
• Warfarin (Redirects: Coumadin)

Thrombolytics

• Tissue plasminogen activator (Redirects: Alteplase, tPA)
• Streptokinase

Anxiolytics

• Diazepam
• Lorazepam
• Midazolam

Benzodiazepines

• Diazepam (Redirects: Valium)
• Flumazenil
• Lorazepam (Redirects: Ativan)
• Midazolam (Redirects: Versed)

Chronotropes

Redirects: Negative chronotropes, Positive chronotropes

Negative chronotropes

• Adenosine
• Beta blockers

Positive chronotropes

• Atropine
• Dobutamine
• Dopamine
• Ephedrine
• Epinephrine
• Glycopyrrolate
• Isoprenaline
• Milrinone
• Norepinephrine

Electrolytes

• Calcium chloride
• Calcium gluconate
• Magnesium sulfate
• Potassium chloride

General anesthetics

Inhalational anesthestics

Redirects: Volatile anesthetics

• Chloroethane (Redirects: Ethyl chloride)
• Chloroform
• Cyclopropane
• Desflurane (Redirects: Suprane)
• Diethyl ether (Redirects: Ether)
• Enflurane
• Halothane (Redirects: Fluothane)
• Isoflurane (Redirects: Forane)
• Methoxyflurane
• Nitrous oxide
• Sevoflurane (Redirects: Ultane)
• Xenon

Intravenous anesthetics

• Etomidate (Redirects: Amidate)
• Ketamine (Redirects: Esketamine, Ketalar)
• Methohexital (Redirects: Brevital)
• Propofol (Redirects: Diprivan)
• Thiopental (Redirects: Sodium pentothal)

Imaging dyes

• Fluorescein
• Indocyanine green
• Methylene blue (Redirects: Methylthioninium chloride)

Inodilators

• Dobutamine
• Milrinone (Redirects: Primacor)

Inotropes

Redirects: Negative inotropes, Positive inotropes

Negative inotropes

• Beta blockers

Positive inotropes

• Calcium chloride
• Calcium gluconate
• Dobutamine
• Dopamine
• Ephedrine
• Epinephrine
• Isoprenaline
• Milrinone
• Norepinephrine

Intravenous fluids

• Albumin
• Hetastarch (Redirects: Hydroxyethyl starch)
• Intravenous sugar solution (Redirects: D5, D50, D5W, D5NS, D5LR)
• Normal saline (Redirects: NS)
• Lactated Ringer's (Redirects: LR)
• Normosol
• Plasma-lyte
• Sodium bicarbonate

Local anesthetic adjuvants

• Clonidine
• Epinephrine
• Fentanyl
• Hydromorphone
• Ketamine
• Midazolam
• Morphine
• Neostigmine
• Sufentanil
• Sodium bicarbonate

Local anesthetics

• Benzocaine
• Bupivacaine (Redirects: Marcaine)
• Chloroprocaine (Redirects: Nesacaine)
• Procaine (Redirects: Novocain, Novocaine)
• Lidocaine (Redirects: Xylocaine)
• Mepivacaine (Redirects: Carbocaine)
• Ropivacaine (Redirects: Naropin)
• Tetracaine

Neuromuscular blockers

• Cisatracurium (Redirects: Nimbex)
• Mivacurium
• Rocuronium (Redirects: Zemuron)
• Succinylcholine (Redirects: Anectine)
• Vecuronium

Opioids

Opioid agonists

Opium alkaloids and derivatives

• Buprenorphine (Redirects: Subutex)
• Codeine
• Hydrocodone (Redirects: Vicodin)
• Hydromorphone (Redirects: Dilaudid)
• Morphine
• Oxycodone (Redirects: Oxycontin, Roxicodone)

Synthetic opioids

• Alfentanil (Redirects: Alfenta)
• Fentanyl (Redirects: Sublimaze)
• Methadone
• Meperidine (Redirects: Demerol, Pethidine)
• Remifentanil (Redirects: Ultiva)
• Sufentanil (Redirects: Sufenta)

• Tramadol (Redirects: Ultram)

Opioid antagonists

• Naloxone (Redirects: Narcan)
• Naltrexone

• Buprenorphine/naltrexone (Redirects: Suboxone)

Sedative hypnotics

• Dexmedetomidine
• Etomidate
• Ketamine
• Methohexital
• Midazolam
• Propofol
• Thiopental

Steroids

• Dexamethasone (Redirects: Decadron)
• Hydrocortisone

Uterotonics

• Carboprost (Redirects: Hemabate)
• Methylergometrine (Redirects: Methergine, Methylergonovine)
• Misoprostol (Redirects: Cytotec)
• Oxytocin (Redirects: Pitocin)

Vasodilators

Calcium channel blockers

• Clevidipine (Redirects: Cleviprex)
• Nicardipine (Redirects: Cardene)
• Nimodipine (Redirects: Nimotop)

Pulmonary vasodilators

• Nitric oxide (Redirects: NO)
• Epoprostenol (Redirects: Flolan, Prostacyclin, Prostaglandin I2)

• Dobutamine
• Fenoldopam (Redirects: Corlopam)
• Hydralazine
• Milrinone
• Nitroglycerin
• Sodium nitroprusside (Redirects: Nipride)
• Sildenafil (Redirects: Revatio, Viagra)

Vasoconstrictors

• Ephedrine
• Epinephrine
• Phenylephrine
• Norepinephrine
• Dopamine
• Vasopressin (Redirects: Vasostrict)

• Octreotide
• Equianalgesic (Redirects: MME, Morphine milligram equivalent)

• Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacokinetics

• Blood-gas partition coefficient
• Context sensitive half-life
• Ion trapping

Procedures in anesthesia

• Airway procedures

Vascular access procedures

• Arterial line (Redirects: Aline, Art line)
• Peripheral IV (Redirects: PIV)

Central line

• Central venous catheter (Redirects: Triple lumen)
• Introducer sheath
• Peripherally inserted central catheter (Redirects: PICC line)

• Special topics in anesthesia

Subspecialties in anesthesia

• Cardiothoracic anesthesia (adult)
• Critical care medicine
• Neuroanesthesia
• Obstetric anesthesia
• Pain medicine
• Pediatric anesthesia
• Pediatric cardiac anesthesia
• Perioperative medicine
• Regional anesthesia and acute pain
• Transplant anesthesia

Surgical procedure

Cardiac surgery

Revascularization procedures

• Coronary artery bypass graft (Redirects: CABG)
• Off-pump and minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (Redirects: OPCAB, MICAB)
• Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (Redirects: PTCA)
• Transmyocardial laser revascularization
• Coronary endarterectomy

Valvular procedures

• Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (Redirects: TAVR, TAVI)
• Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (Redirects: TMVR, TMVI)
• Aortic valve repair or replacement (Redirects: AVR)
• Mitral valve repair or replacement (Redirects: MVR)
• Tricuspid valve repair or replacement
• Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty

Septal procedures

• Septal myectomy/myotomy
• Transcatheter closure of ASD or VSD
• Open repair of ASD or VSD

Aorta/Great vessel procedures

• Aortoplasty for supravalvular stenosis
• Repair of aortic aneurysm with graft

Pericardial procedures

• Pericardiocentesis
• Pericardiectomy

Myocardial procedures

• Excision of intracardiac tumor
• Ventriculomyotomy
• Ventricular aneurysmectomy

Circulatory assist procedures

• Insertion of permanently implantable aortic counterpulsation ventricular assist device (Redirects: VAD insertion)
• Insertion of percutaneous ventricular assist device (Redirects: pVAD insertion)
• Implantation of total replacement heart system (Redirects: Artificial heart, Total artificial heart)
• Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (Redirects: ECMO, Extracorporeal life support, ECLS)

Cardiac transplant procedures

• Heart transplant
• Heart-lung transplant

Electrophysiology procedures

• Insertion of pacemaker or ICD (Redirects: Pacemaker, Implantable cardioverter defibrillator, ICD)
• Intracardiac catheter ablation for the treatment of arrhythmia (Redirects: Ablation, Afib ablation)

General surgery

Biliary tract surgery

Cholecystectomy

• Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
• Open cholecystectomy

• Excision of bile duct tumor
• Choledochal cyst excision or anastomosis
• Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage
• Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
• Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Breast surgery

• Mastectomy
• Breast biopsy
• Sentinel lymph node biopsy

Colorectal surgery

Colectomy

• Laparoscopic cholectomy
• Open cholectomy

Anorectal surgery

• Hemorrhoidectomy
• Lateral internal sphincterotomy
• Incision and drainage of perianal abscess
• High Resolution Anoscopy (HRA)
• Sacral nerve stimulation for fecal incontinence

• Proctectomy

Rectal prolapse surgery

• Open abdominal rectopexy
• Minimally invasive rectopexy
• Perineal rectosigmoidectomy
• Mucosal sleeve resection (Redirects: Delorme Procedure)

Endocrine surgery

Adrenalectomy

• Minimally invasive adrenalectomy
• Open adrenalectomy

Thyroidectomy

• Minimally invasive thyroidectomy
• Open thyroidectomy

Parathyroidectomy

• Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP)
• Open parathyroidectomy

Esophageal surgery

• Cervical esophagostomy (Redirects: Esophagostomy)

Esophagectomy

• Thoracoabdominal esophagectomy
• Minimally invasive esophagectomy
• Transhiatal esophagectomy
• Ivor Lewis esophagectomy
• McKeown esophagectomy (Redirects: Tri-incisional esophagectomy)

Esophageal diverticulectomy

Redirects: Surgery for Zenker's divericulum

• Minimally invasive esophageal diverticulectomy
• Open esophageal diverticulectomy

Esophagomyotomy

Redirects: Heller myotomy

• Minimially invasive esophagomyotomy
• Open esophagomyotomy

Esophagastric fundoplication

Redirects: Nissen fundoplication

• Minimally invasive esophagastric fundoplication (Redirects: Laparoscopic esophagastric fundoplication, Robotic esophagastric fundoplication, Minimally invasive Nissen fundoplication)
• Open esophagastric fundoplication (Redirects: Open Nissen fundoplication)

• Surgical repair of esophageal perforation or rupture

Hepatic surgery

Hepatic resection

• Minimally invasive hepatic resection
• Open hepatic resection

• Hepatorrhaphy

Intestinal surgery

Appendectomy

• Laparoscopic appendectomy
• Open appendectomy

Small bowel resection

• Minimally invasive small bowel resection
• Open small bowel resection

• Meckel diverticulectomy

Ostomy procedure

• Minimally invasive ostomy procedure
• Open ostomy procedure

Duodenotomy

• Minimally invasive duodenotomy
• Open duodenotomy

Inguinal hernia repair

• Minimally invasive inguinal hernia repair
• Open inguinal hernia repair

Ventral hernia repair

• Minimally invasive ventral hernia repair
• Open ventral hernia repair

Enterolysis procedure

Redirects: Lysis of adhesions

• Minimally invasive enterolysis
• Open enterolysis

Closure of enteric fistula

• Minimally invasive closure of enteric fistula
• Open closure of enteric fistula

• Pancreatic surgery

Splenic surgery

• Splenectomy
• Splenorrhaphy (Redirects: Repair of ruptured spleen)

Stomach surgery

Gastric resection

• Minimally invasive gastric resection
• Open gastric resection

• Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) (Redirects: G-tube)

Surgical repair of gastric or duodenal perforation

• Open repair of gastric or duodenal perforation
• Minimally invasive repair of gastric or duodenal perforation

Gastric bypass surgery

• Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
• Open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
• Laparoscopic biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS)
• Open biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS)

Gastric restrictive surgery

• Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding
• Open vertical sleeve gastrectomy

• Trauma surgery

Bariatric surgery

• Gastric bypass surgery
• Gastric restrictive surgery

• Oral and maxillofacial surgery (Redirects: OMFS)

Neurosurgery

Functional neurosurgery

• Deep brain stimulation (Redirects: DBS)
• Vagus nerve stimulation (Redirects: VNS)
• Responsive neurostimulation (Redirects: RNS)

Intracranial neurosurgery

• Awake craniotomy
• Bifrontal craniotomy for CSF leak
• Craniotomy for intracranial aneurysm
• Craniotomy for cerebral embolectomy
• Craniotomy for intracranial vascular malformations
• Craniotomy for extracranial-intracranial revascularization (Redirects: ECIC bypass, EC-IC bypass)
• Craniotomy for tumor resection
• Craniotomy for trauma
• Transphenoidal resection of pituitary tumor
• Craniotomy for resection of epeleptogenic focus

Spinal neurosurgery

• Anterior cervical spine surgery
• Posterior cervical spine surgery
• Anterior thoracic spine surgery
• Posterior thoracic spine surgery
• Anterior lumbar/lumbosacral spine surgery
• Posterior lumbar/lumbosacral spine surgery

CSF aspiration, diversion, or shunt procedures

• Ventriculocisternostomy (Redirects: Torkildsen type operation)
• Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (Redirects: VP shunt)
• Ventriculoatrial shunt (Redirects: VA shunt, VAS)

Obstetric and gynecologic surgery

Redirects: OB/GYN

• Total abdominal hysterectomy (Redirects: Hysterectomy)
• Cesarean section (Redirects: C-Section)
• Dilation and curettage (Redirects: D&C)
• Hysteroscopy

Ophthalmic surgery

Redirects: Ophthomology

• Cataract surgery
• Corneal transplant
• Traveculectomy
• Ectropion repair
• Entropion repair
• Ptosis repair
• Eyelid reconstruction
• Pterygium excision
• Repair of ruptured of lacerated globe (Redirects: Ruptured globe, Lacerated globe)
• Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) (Redirects: DCR)
• Enucleation
• Orbitotomy

Orthopedic surgery

Hand surgery

• Hand or digit replantation
• Carpal tunnel release
• Fixation of fractures and dislocation of the wrist and hand
• Wrist arthroscopy
• Darrach procedure
• Arthrodesis of the wrist
• Excision of ganglion of the wrist
• Palmar and digital fasciectomy
• Repair of laceracted nerves/tendons of the hand
• Fixation of fractures and dislocations of the wrist and hand

• Sports surgery
• Spine surgery
• Foot and ankle surgery
• Joint replacement surgery
• Orthopedic oncology surgery

Otolaryngology

Redirects: ENT, Otorhinolaryngology

Neck procedures

• Laryngectomy
• Tracheotomy, Tracheostomy, and Cricothyroidotomy
• Tracheal resection
• Lymph node biopsy
• Submandibular gland excision

Nasal procedures

• Rhinoplasty and/or septoplasty

Sinus procedures

• Maxillectomy
• Nasal/sinus endoscopy

Pharyngeal procedures

• Tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy
• Glossectomy

Esophageal procedures

• Zenker's diverticulectomy
• Esophagoscopy

Salivary and parotid procedures

• Parotidectomy

• Ear, audiovestibular, and temporal bone procedures

Airway procedures

• Laryngoscopy/bronchoscopy

• Out of OR

Pediatric surgery

• Pediatric Neurosurgery

Pediatric otorhinolaryngology

• Myringotomy for ear tubes

Pediatric cardiac surgery

• Anastomosis of pulmonary artery to aorta (Redirects: Damus-Kaye-Stan procedure)
• Ascending aorta to pulmonary artery shunt (Redirects: Waterson shunt)
• Banding of pulmonary artery
• Descending aorta to pulmonary artery shunt (Redirects: Potts-Smith shunt)
• Excision of coarctation of aorta
• Repair of pulmonary venous stenosis
• Repair of anomalous pulmonary venous return
• Repair of hypoplastic or interrupted aortic arch
• Repair of transposition of the great arteries
• Repair of truncus arteriosus (Redirects: Rastelli procedure)
• Repair of patent ductus arteriosus
• Subclavian to pulmonary artery shunt (Redirects: Blalock-Taussig shunt)
• Superior vena cava to pulmonary artery (Redirects: Glenn procedure)

• Plastic surgery (Redirects: Plastics)

Thoracic surgery

• Lobectomy
• Pneumonectomy
• Wedge resection of lobe (segmentectomy)
• Chest wall resection
• Repair of pectus excavatum or carinatum
• Thoracoplasty
• Drainage of empyema
• Tracheal resection
• Mediastinal tumor resection
• Mediastinoscopy
• Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) (Redirects: VATS)
• Thymectomy
• Lung volume reduction surgery
• Bronchopulmonary lavage
• Airway laser surgery
• Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) (Redirects: EBUS-TBNA)

Vascular surgery

• Carotid endarterectomy (Redirects: CEA)
• Varicose vein stripping and ablation
• Endovascular stent grafting of aortic aneurysms
• Permanent vascular access
• Arteriovenous access for hemodialysis (Redirects: AV shunt)
• Lumbar sympathectomy
• Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (Redirects: TIPS)

Urologic surgery

Redirects: Urology

• Prostatectomy

Gastroenterology procedures

• Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
• Colonoscopy
• Upper GI endoscopy

Out-of-OR procedures

• Cardioversion
• Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) (Redirects: ECT)

Burn surgery

• Burn wound debridement
• Burn wound skin grafting
• Burn wound scar revision