Table of contents

This article contains a non-comprehensive list of articles the editors of WikiAnesthesia feel should exist, and will serve as a continuously evolving table of contents as the site grows from contributions from the anesthesia community.

Links which are blue already exist on the wiki (but would surely benefit from additions and revisions). Links which are red do not currently exist as articles on the site. Articles may exist in more than one location in the table of contents.

Note: To avoid spam and vandalism, we require users to create an account and confirm their email address before contributing to the site. If you are logged in and are unable to save your changes, make sure you have confirmed your email address in the email options section of your preferences. Your first few edits to WikiAnesthesia will not immediately appear to other users until reviewed by a moderator. Once you have made constructive contributions to the site, your account will be promoted to writer and will bypass moderation.

To create a new article:

1. Click the red link to be taken to the editor for the new article.
2. If possible, use a page template to help maintain consistency across the site. Page templates can be accessed from the page templates menu () of the editor. If using a page template:
   1. Fill out the standardized fields for the infobox of the article, which can be edited by double-clicking the box containing the article title in the upper right hand corner of the editor.
   2. Use the predefined structure from the template as a basis for the article. Feel free to modify this structure as warranted by the content.
3. Add content to the article.
4. Add categories for each level of the table of contents. Categories are added to articles via the page options menu () of the editor. For example, the article for Small bowel resection should have categories added for "Intestinal surgery", "General surgery", and "Surgical procedures".
5. Save the article by clicking "Save changes...". If you are just starting to contribute to WikiAnesthesia, your changes
6. After saving the article at least once, add the article's redirects (i.e. aliases) to the new article. This will allow alternative titles for the same article to be easily searched. For each redirect to be added:
   1. Click the red link to be taken to the editor for the redirect.
   2. Click "Page settings" in the page options menu () of the editor.
   3. Check the box for "Redirect this page to" and start typing the title of the new article, which should appear as an autocompleted suggestion (as long the new article has been saved at least once).
   4. Click "Apply changes".
   5. Click "Save page...".

If you add a new article which is not currently listed but has a natural place in the table of contents, please edit this list to include it. We kindly ask that you do not make major changes to the table of contents before running it by an editor first.

Airway management

• Airway anatomy
• Airway assessment
• Aspiration under anesthesia
• Difficult airway algorithm
• Endobronchial intubation (Redirects: Mainstem intubation)
• One-lung ventilation
  • Bronchial blocker
  • Double-lumen endotracheal tube
• Pediatric airway management
• Preoxygenation
• Transtracheal ventilation

Airway equipment

• Bougie
• Breathing circuits (Redirects: Ayre's T-piece, Bain system, Jackson-Rees, Lack system, Magill system, Mapleson A, Mapleson B, Mapleson C, Mapleson D, Mapleson E, Mapleson F, Waters bag)
• Bronchial blocker
• Endotracheal tubes
  • Double-lumen endotracheal tube (Redirects: DLT, Double-lumen endobronchial tube)
  • Endotracheal tube (Redirects: ETT)
  • Electromyographic endotracheal tube (Redirects: EMG ETT, NIM EMG ETT)
  • Laser-resistant endotracheal tube (Redirects: Laser ETT)
  • Microlaryngeal endotracheal tube (Redirects: Microlaryngoscopy tube, MLT)
  • Reinforced endotracheal tube (Redirects: Armored endotracheal tube, Wire-reinforced endotracheal tube)
  • Ring-Adair-Elwyn endotracheal tube (Redirects: Nasal RAE ETT, Oral RAE ETT, RAE ETT)
• Laryngoscope blades
  • Macintosh laryngoscope blade (Redirects: MAC)
  • Miller laryngoscope blade (Redirects: Miller)
  • Wis-Hipple laryngoscope blade (Redirects: Miller)
• Lighted stylet (Redirects: Lightwand)
• Magill forceps
• Noninvasive ventilation
  • Bag valve mask (Redirects: Ambu bag, BVM)
  • Nasal cannula
  • Non-rebreather mask
  • High-flow nasal cannula (Redirects: HFNC)
• Supraglottic airways
  • Combitube (Redirects: Esophageal-tracheal double-lumen tube)
  • Laryngeal tube (Redirects: King LT)
  • Nasopharyngeal airway (Redirects: Nasal airway)
  • Oropharyngeal airway (Redirects: Oral airway)
  • Laryngeal mask airways
    • Laryngeal mask airway (Redirects: LMA)
    • LMA Fastrach (Redirects: Intubating LMA)
    • LMA ProSeal
    • LMA Unique
    • LMA Supreme
    • I-gel LMA (Redirects: IGel LMA)
• Video laryngoscopes
  • C-Mac
  • Glidescope
• Yankauer suction tip

Airway procedures

• Cricothyrotomy (Redirects: Cric, Crike, Thyrocricotomy, Cricothyroidotomy, Needle cricothyrotomy)
• Endotracheal intubation (Redirects: Intubation)
  • Asleep fiberoptic intubation
  • Awake fiberoptic intubation
  • Nasal intubation
  • Oral intubation
• Laryngoscopy
  • Direct laryngoscopy (Redirects: DL)
  • Indirect laryngoscopy (Redirects: Fiberoptic laryngoscopy, VL, Video laryngoscopy)
• Tracheotomy (Redirects: Tracheostomy)

Anatomy and physiology

• Acid-base homeostasis
• Cerebral physiology
• Consciousness
• Cardiovascular anatomy and physiology
• Gastrointestinal physiology
• Hepatic physiology
• Renal physiology
• Respiratory physiology

Intraoperative emergencies

• Acute coronary syndrome (Redirects: MI, Myocardial infarction, Myocardial ischemia)
• Amniotic fluid embolism (Redirects: AFE)
• Anaphylaxis
• Asystole
• Bradycardia (intraoperative emergency)
• Bronchospasm
• Cardiac arrest
• Delayed emergence
• Difficult airway algorithm
• Fire (intraoperative emergency) (Redirects: Airway fire)
• Hypertension (intraoperative emergency)
• Hypotension (intraoperative emergency)
• Hypoxemia (intraoperative emergency)
• Laryngospasm
• Local anesthetic toxicity (Redirects: LAST)
• Malignant Hyperthermia
• Oxygen failure
• Pneumothorax
• Power failure
• Total spinal anesthesia
• Transfusion reaction
• Pulseless electrical activity (Redirects: PEA arrest)
• Supraventricular tachycardia (intraoperative emergency) (Redirects: SVT (intraoperative emergency))
• Venous air embolism (Redirects: VAE)
• Ventricular fibrillation (Redirects: VF, Vfib)
• Ventricular tachycardia (Redirects: Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, Torsades de pointes, VT, Vtach)

Intraoperative monitoring

• Arterial blood pressure (Redirects: ABP)
• Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (Redirects: BAEPs)
• Capnography (Redirects: End-tidal CO2, EtCO2)
• Central venous pressure (Redirects: CVP)
• Cerebral oximetry (Redirects: ScO2)
• Core temperature
• Echocardiography
  • Transesophageal echocardiography (Redirects: TEE)
  • Transthoracic echocardiography (Redirects: TTE)
• Electrocardiography (Redirects: 5-lead electrocardiogram, ECG)
• Electroencephalography (Redirects: BIS, Bispectral index, EEG, Entropy monitoring, Patient state index, PSI, SedLine, Spectral edge frequency)
• Intracranial pressure (Redirects: ICP)
• Motor evoked potentials (Redirects: MEPs)
• Pleth variability index (Redirects: PVI)
• Pulse oximetry (Redirects: Plethysmography, SpO2)
• Pulse pressure variation (Redirects: PPV)
• Precordial doppler
• Pulmonary artery pressure (Redirects: PAP)
• Somatosensory evoked potentials (Redirects: SSEPs)
• Peripheral IV (Redirects: IV, Large bore IV, PIV)
• Urine output (Redirects: UOP)
• Visual evoked potentials (Redirects: VEPs)

Neuraxial and regional anesthesia

• Local anesthetics
• Local anesthetic adjuvants
• Local anesthetic toxicity (Redirects: LAST)

Neuraxial anesthesia

• Caudal anesthesia
• Combined spinal and epidural anesthesia (Redirects: CSE)
• Epidural anesthesia (Redirects: Epidural)
• Post-dural-puncture headache (Redirects: PDPH)
• Spinal anesthesia (Redirects: Spinal)
• Total spinal anesthesia

Regional anesthesia

• Bier block
• Local anesthetics
• Local anesthetic adjuvants

Head and neck nerve blocks

• Blocks for awake tracheal intubation
• Cervical plexus block
• Scalp block

Upper extremity nerve blocks

• Blocks at the elbow
• Brachial plexus blocks
  • Interscalene block
  • Supraclavicular block
  • Infraclavicular block
  • Axillary block
• Digital block
• Wrist block

Thoracic and abdominal wall blocks

• Intercostal nerve block
• Pectoralis nerve block
• Quadratus lumborum block (Redirects: QL block)
• Serratus plane block
• Transversus abdominis plane block (Redirects: TAP block)
• Truncal block (Redirects: Iliohypogastric nerve block, Ilioinguinal nerve block, Rectus sheath block)

Lower extremity nerve blocks

• Ankle block
• Fascia iliaca block
• Femoral nerve block
• Lumbar plexus block
• Obturator nerve block
• Popliteal nerve block
• Saphenous nerve block
• Sciatic nerve block

Comorbidities

Acid-base disorders

• Metabolic acidosis (Redirects: Anion gap metabolic acidosis, Diabetic ketoacidosis, DKA, High anion gap metabolic acidosis, Hyperchloremic acidosis, Ketoacidosis, Lactic acidosis, Nongap metabolic acidosis, Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis, Renal tubular acidosis, RTA)
• Metabolic alkalosis (Redirects: Contraction alkalosis)
• Respiratory acidosis
• Respiratory alkalosis

Autoimmune disorders

• Evans syndrome

Cardiovascular disorders

• Acute coronary syndrome (Redirects: MI, Myocardial infarction, Myocardial ischemia, Unstable angina)
• Angina pectoris (Redirects: Prinzmetal's angina, Stable angina)
• Aortic aneurysm (Redirects: AAA, Abdominal aortic aneurysm, Thoracic aortic aneurysm, TAA, Triple A)
• Aortic dissection (Redirects: Type A dissection, Type B dissection)
• Aortic rupture
• Arteriovenous malformation (Redirects: AVM, Cerebral arteriovenous malformation, Cerebral AVM)
• Brugada syndrome
• Cardiac arrhythmias
  • Asystole
  • Atrial fibrillation (Redirects: Afib)
  • Atrial flutter (Redirects: Aflutter)
  • Bradycardia (Redirects: Sinus bradycardia)
  • Drug-induced QT prolongation (Redirects: QT prolongation)
  • Junctional rhythm
  • Long QT syndrome (Redirects: Romano-Ward syndrome)
  • Pulseless electrical activity (Redirects: PEA)
  • Sick sinus syndrome (Redirects: Tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome)
  • Ventricular fibrillation
  • Wandering atrial pacemaker
  • Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (Redirects: WPW)
  • Heart block (Redirects: Atrioventricular block, AV block, SA block, Sinoatrial block)
    • Bundle branch block (Redirects: Bifascicular block)
      • Left anterior fascicular block (Redirects: LAFB)
      • Left bundle branch block (Redirects: LBBB)
      • Left posterior fascicular block (Redirects: LPFB)
      • Right bundle branch block (Redirects: RBBB)
    • First-degree atrioventricular block (Redirects: 1st-degree atrioventricular block)
    • Second-degree atrioventricular block (Redirects: 2nd-degree atrioventricular block, Mobitz I, Mobitz II, Wenckebach block)
    • Third-degree atrioventricular block (Redirects: 3rd-degree atrioventricular block, Complete heart block, Trifascicular block)
  • Premature contraction
    • Premature atrial contraction (Redirects: PAC)
    • Premature junctional contraction (Redirects: PJC)
    • Premature ventricular contraction (Redirects: PVC)
  • Tachycardia
    • Supraventricular tachycardia (Redirects: SVT)
      • Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (Redirects: AVRT)
      • AV-nodal reentrant tachycardia (Redirects: AVNRT)
      • Multifocal atrial tachycardia
      • Sinus tachycardia
    • Ventricular tachycardia
• Cardiac tamponade
• Cardiomyopathy
  • Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
  • Dilated cardiomyopathy
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Redirects: HOCM)
  • Restrictive cardiomyopathy
  • Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (Redirects: Broken heart syndrome, Stress cardiomyopathy)
  • Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy
• Cardiomegaly
  • Left atrial enlargement (Redirects: LAE)
  • Left ventricular hypertrophy (Redirects: LVH)
  • Right atrial enlargement (Redirects: RAE)
  • Right ventricular hypertrophy (Redirects: RVH)
• Congenital heart defects
  • Absent pulmonary valve syndrome
  • Aortopulmonary septal defects
    • Aortopulmonary window
    • Double outlet right ventricle (Redirects: DORV)
    • Persistent truncus arteriosus (Redirects: PTA)
    • Taussig-Bing syndrome
    • Transposition of the great vessels (Redirects: d-TGA, dextro-Transposition of the great arteries, l-TGA, levo-Transposition of the great arteries, TGA, TGV)
  • Atrial septal defect (Redirects: ASD, Sinus venosus atrial septal defect)
  • Atrioventricular septal defect (Redirects: Atrioventricular canal defect, Endocardial cushion defect, AVSD, Ostium primum atrial septal defect)
  • Bicuspid aortic valve
  • Cor triatriatum
  • Coronary artery anomaly (Redirects: AAOCA, Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery)
  • Crisscross heart
  • Dextrocardia
  • Ebstein's anomaly
  • Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
  • Hypoplastic right heart syndrome (Redirects: Uhl anomaly)
  • Lutembacher's syndrome
  • Tetralogy of Fallot
  • Ventricular inversion
  • Ventricular septal defect (Redirects: VSD)
• Congenital vascular malformations
  • Aberrant subclavian artery
  • Anomalous pulmonary venous connection (Redirects: Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection, Scimitar syndrome, Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection)
  • Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva
  • Coarctation of the aorta
  • Congenital stenosis of vena cava
  • Double aortic arch
  • Interrupted aortic arch
  • Overriding aorta
  • Patent ductus arteriosus (Redirects: PDA)
  • Persistent left superior vena cava
  • Pulmonary atresia
  • Right-sided aortic arch
  • Stenosis of pulmonary artery
  • Vascular ring
• Coronary artery disease (Redirects: CAD)
• Coronary steal syndrome (Redirects: Cardiac steal syndrome)
• Endocarditis (Redirects: Acute bacterial endocarditis, Infective endocarditis, Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, Subacute bacterial endocarditis)
• Heart failure (Redirects: Biventricular heart failure, CHF, Congestive heart failure, Left-sided heart failure, Right-sided heart failure)
  • Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (Redirects: HFrEF, Systolic heart failure)
  • Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (Redirects: HFpEF, Diastolic dysfunction, Diastolic heart failure)
  • Pulmonary heart disease
• Gestational hypertension
• Hypertension (comorbidity) (Redirects: Essential hypertension, HTN)
• Pericardial effusion
• Pericarditis
• Peripheral artery disease (Redirects: PAD)
• Pulmonary embolism (Redirects: PE)
• Pulmonary heart disease (Redirects: Cor pulmonale)
• Pulmonary hypertension (Redirects: PAH, PH, Pulmonary arterial hypertension)
• Shock
  • Cardiogenic shock
  • Obstructive shock
  • Distributive shock (Redirects: Septic shock)
• Valvular heart disease
  • Aortic stenosis (Redirects: AS)
  • Aortic regurgitation (Redirects: Aortic insufficiency, AR)
  • Mitral stenosis
  • Mitral regurgitation (Redirects: Mitral insufficiency, MR)
  • Mitral valve prolapse (Redirects: MVP)
  • Pulmonary valve stenosis
  • Pulmonary valve regurgitation (Redirects: Pulmonary valve insufficiency)
  • Tricuspid stenosis (Redirects: TS)
  • Tricuspid regurgitation (Redirects: Tricuspid insufficiency, TR)

Cerebrovascular disorders

• Anterior spinal artery syndrome (Redirects: Beck's syndrome)
• Carotid artery stenosis
• Moyamoya disease
• Epidural hematoma
• Intracranial aneurysm (Redirects: Berry aneurysm, Saccular aneurysm)
• Intracranial hemorrhage (Redirects: Intracerebral hemorrhage, Intraparenchymal hemorrhage, Intraventricular hemorrhage, SAH, Subarachnoid hemorrhage)
• Stroke (Redirects: Cerebral infarction, Cerebrovascular accident, CVA, Hemorrhagic stroke, Ischemic stroke)
• Subdural hematoma (Redirects: SDH)
• Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (Redirects: Subclavian steal syndrome, VBI)

Electrolyte disorders

• Hypercalcemia
• Hyperkalemia
• Hypernatremia
• Hypocalcemia
• Hypokalemia
• Hyponatremia (Redirects: Hypotonic hyponatremia, Isotonic hyponatremia)

Endocrine disorders

• Acromegaly
• Adrenal insufficiency (Redirects: Addison's disease)
• Carcinoid syndrome
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
• Cushing's syndrome
• Diabetes insipidus
• Diabetes mellitus
  • Gestational diabetes
  • Type 1 diabetes (Redirects: DM1, T1D)
  • Type 2 diabetes (Redirects: DM2, T2D)
• Hyperaldosteronism (Redirects: Bartter syndrome, Conn syndrome)
• Hyperlipidemia (Redirects: HLD)
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Hyperthyroidism (Redirects: Graves' disease, Thyrotoxicosis)
• Hypoaldosteronism
• Hypoparathyroidism
• Hypothyroidism (Redirects: Cretinism, Euthyroid sick syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Myxedema)
• Kallmann syndrome
• Multiple endocrine neoplasia (Redirects: Sipple syndrome, Wagenmann-Froboese syndrome, Wermer syndrome)
• Obesity
• Pheochromocytoma
• Porphyria (Redirects: Acute intermittent porphyria, AIP)
• Serotonin syndrome
• Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (Redirects: SIADH)

Gastrointestinal disorders

• Acute liver failure (Redirects: ALF, Fulminant hepatic failure, Hepatic encephalopathy)
• Chronic liver disease
  • Cirrhosis (Redirects: Chronic liver failure)
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Redirects: Acid reflux, GERD, Heartburn)
• Hepatitis

Genetic disorders

• Amyloidosis
• Andersen-Tawil syndrome
• Antithrombin III deficiency
• Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
• Bartter syndrome
• Bernard-Soulier syndrome
• Brugada syndrome
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
• Congenital afibrinogenemia
• Cystic fibrosis (Redirects: CF)
• Down syndrome (Redirects: Trisomy 21)
• Dysfibrinogenemia
• Edwards syndrome (Redirects: Trisomy 18)
• Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (Redirects: EDS)
• Epidermolysis bullosa (Redirects: EB)
• Fabry disease
• Factor V Leiden
• Fanconi syndrome
• Friedreich's ataxia
• Gitelman syndrome
• Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
• Glycogen storage disease (Redirects: Aldolase A deficiency, Andersen disease, Cori's disease, Forbes' disease, Hers' disease, McArdle disease, Pompe disease, Tarui's disease, von Gierke's disease)
• Gray platelet syndrome
• Hemophilia
• Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Redirects: HHT, Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome)
• Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome
• Huntington's disease
• Hypoprothrombinemia
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome
• Kallmann syndrome
• Klippel-Feil syndrome
• Liddle's syndrome
• Long QT syndrome
• Marfan syndrome
• May-Hegglin anomaly
• Multiple endocrine neoplasia
• Noonan syndrome
• Pierre Robin sequence
• Protein C deficiency
• Protein S deficiency
• Loeys-Dietz syndrome
• Muscular dystrophy (Redirects: Becker muscular dystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, Myotonic muscular dystrophy)
• Neurofibromatosis
• Mucopolysaccharidosis (Redirects: Hunter syndrome, Hurler syndrome, Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome, Morquio syndrome, Natowicz syndrome, Sanfilippo syndrome, Scheie syndrome, Sly syndrome)
• Sickle cell disease
• Timothy syndrome
• Treacher Collins syndrome
• von Willebrand disease

Head and neck disorders

• Epiglottitis
• Laryngomalacia
• Laryngotracheal stenosis
• Pharyngeal abscess (Redirects: Peritonsillar abscess, Retropharyngeal abscess)
• Pharyngitis (Redirects: Strep throat, Tonsillitis)

Hematologic disorders

• Coagulopathies
  • Disseminated intravascular coagulation (Redirects: DIC, Purpura fulminans)
  • Hypercoagulable disorders
    • Antiphospholipid syndrome (Redirects: APLS, APS)
    • Antithrombin III deficiency (Redirects: ATIII deficiency)
    • Essential thrombocythemia
    • Factor V Leiden
    • Protein C deficiency
    • Protein S deficiency
  • Hypocoagulable disorders
    • Evans syndrome
    • Bernard-Soulier syndrome
    • Congenital afibrinogenemia
    • Dysfibrinogenemia
    • Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
    • Gray platelet syndrome
    • Hemophilia (Redirects: Factor IX deficiency, Factor VII deficiency, Factor VIII deficiency, Factor X deficiency, Factor XI deficiency, Factor XII deficiency, Factor XIII deficiency, Haemophilia, Hemophilia A, Hemophilia B, Hemophilia C)
    • Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (Redirects: HIT, HITT)
    • Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome
    • Hypoprothrombinemia
    • Thrombocytopenic purpura (Redirects: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, ITP, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic purpura, TTP, Upshaw–Schulman syndrome)
    • May-Hegglin anomaly
    • von Willebrand disease (Redirects: vWD)

Mediastinal disorders

• Mediastinal mass
• Mediastinitis
• Pneumomediastinum (Redirects: Mediastinal emphysema)

Musculoskeletal disorders

• Congenital musculoskeletal disorders
  • Down syndrome
  • Goldenhar syndrome
  • Klippel-Feil syndrome (Redirects: KFS)
  • Pierre Robin sequence (Redirects: PRS)
  • Treacher Collins syndrome (Redirects: TCS)

Neurologic disorders

• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Redirects: ALS)
• Autonomic dysreflexia
• Chronic pain (comorbidity)
• Dementia
• Dysautonomia
• Essential tremor
• Huntington's disease
• Multiple sclerosis
• Parkinson's disease
• Seizures (Redirects: Epilepsy)
• Stroke

Obstetric complications

• Amniotic fluid embolism (Redirects: AFE)
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Fetal distress
• Gestational hypertension
• Gestational diabetes
• Nuchal cord
• HELLP syndrome
• Obstetrical bleeding
• Placenta accreta spectrum (Redirects: Accreta, Increta, Percreta, Placenta accreta, Placenta increta, Placenta percreta)
• Umbilical cord prolapse
• Uterine rupture
• Vasa previa

Psychiatric disorders

• Generalized Anxiety disorder (Redirects: Anxiety, GAD)
• Major depressive disorder (Redirects: Depression, MDD)
• Substance abuse (Redirects: Drug abuse)

Pulmonary disorders

• Acute respiratory distress syndrome (Redirect: ARDS)
• Asthma
• Atelectasis
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Redirects: COPD)
• Cystic fibrosis
• Lung cancer
• Obstructive sleep apnea (Redirects: OSA)
• Pleural effusion
• Pneumonia
• Pneumothorax
• Pulmonary edema
• Pulmonary embolism (Redirects: PE)
• Pulmonary hypertension
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Redirects: Coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2)

Renal disorders

• Acute renal failure
• Bartter syndrome
• Diabetes insipidus
• Chronic kidney disease (Redirects: CKD)
• Fanconi syndrome
• Gitelman syndrome
• Liddle's syndrome
• Uremia

Perioperative management

• Preoperative patient assessment and management
• Postoperative management

Pharmacology

• Equianalgesic (Redirects: MME, Morphine milligram equivalent)
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
  • Blood-gas partition coefficient
  • Context sensitive half-life
  • Drug metabolism
  • Elimination
  • Ion trapping
  • Redistribution

Drug reference

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

• Edrophonium
• Neostigmine (Redirects: Bloxiverz)
• Physostigmine

Adrenergic receptor modulators

Redirects: Alpha agonists, Alpha antagonists, Beta agonists

• Alpha-1 agonists
  • Ephedrine
  • Epinephrine (Redirects: Adrenaline)
  • Norepinephrine (Redirects: Noradrenaline)
  • Phenylephrine (Redirects: Neosynephrine)
• Alpha-1 antagonists
  • Labetalol
  • Phenoxybenzamine
  • Phentolamine
• Alpha-2 agonists
  • Clonidine (Redirects: Catapres)
  • Dexmedetomidine (Redirects: Precedex)
• Beta agonists
  • Beta-1 selective agonists
    • Dobutamine
  • Ephedrine
  • Epinephrine
  • Isoprenaline (Redirects: Isoproterenol)
  • Norepinephrine
• Beta blockers (Redirects: Beta antagonists)
  • Beta-1 selective antagonists
    • Esmolol (Redirects: Brevibloc)
    • Metoprolol
  • Labetalol

Analgesics

• Acetaminophen (Redirects: Tylenol)
• Analgesic adjuvants
  • Gabapentin (Redirects: Neurontin)
  • Ketamine
  • Lidocaine
  • Pregabalin (Redirects: Lyrica)
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Redirects: NSAIDs)
  • Aspirin (Redirects: Acetylsalicylic acid)
  • Celecoxib (Redirects: Celebrex)
  • Ibuprofen
  • Ketorolac (Redirects: Toradol)
• Opioid analgesics
  • Alfentanil
  • Buprenorphine
  • Codeine
  • Fentanyl
  • Hydrocodone
  • Hydromorphone
  • Methadone
  • Meperidine
  • Morphine
  • Oxycodone
  • Remifentanil
  • Sufentanil

Antibiotics

• Cefazolin (Redirects: Ancef, Kefzol)
• Clindamycin (Redirects: Cleocin)
• Vancomycin

Anticholinergics

• Atropine
• Glycopyrrolate

Antidotes

• Andexanet alfa (Redirects: Andexxa)
• Atropine
• Dantrolene
• Flumazenil
• Glucagon
• Hydroxocobalamin (Redirects: Vitamin B12)
• Idarucizumab (Redirects: Praxbind)
• Methylene blue (Redirects: Methylthioninium chloride)
• Physostigmine
• Naloxone
• Protamine
• Sugammadex (Redirects: Bridion)

Antiemetics

• Aprepitant (Redirects: Fosaprepitant, Emend)
• Dexamethasone
• Granisetron (Redirects: Kytril)
• Haloperidol (Redirects: Haldol)
• Metoclopramide (Redirects: Reglan)
• Ondansetron (Redirects: Zofran)
• Prochlorperazine (Redirects: Compazine)
• Promethazine (Redirects: Phenergan)
• Propofol
• Scopolamine (Redirects: Hyoscine)

Antihistamines

• Diphenhydramine (Redirects: Benadryl)
• Famotidine (Redirects: Pepcid)

Antithrombotics

• Antiplatelet drugs
  • Aspirin
  • Clopidogrel (Redirects: Plavix)
  • Ticagrelor (Redirects: Brilinta)
• Anticoagulants
  • Apixaban (Redirects: Eliquis)
  • Argatroban
  • Dabigatran (Redirects: Pradaxa)
  • Fondaparinux
  • Heparin
  • Low-molecular-weight heparin (Redirects: Enoxaparin, Lovenox, LMWH)
  • Rivaroxaban (Redirects: Xarelto)
  • Warfarin (Redirects: Coumadin)
• Thrombolytics
  • Tissue plasminogen activator (Redirects: Alteplase, tPA)
  • Streptokinase

Anxiolytics

• Diazepam
• Lorazepam
• Midazolam

Benzodiazepines

• Diazepam (Redirects: Valium)
• Flumazenil
• Lorazepam (Redirects: Ativan)
• Midazolam (Redirects: Versed)

Chronotropes

Redirects: Negative chronotropes, Positive chronotropes

• Negative chronotropes
  • Adenosine
  • Beta blockers
• Positive chronotropes
  • Atropine
  • Dobutamine
  • Dopamine
  • Ephedrine
  • Epinephrine
  • Glycopyrrolate
  • Isoprenaline
  • Milrinone
  • Norepinephrine

• Electrolytes
  • Calcium chloride
  • Calcium gluconate
  • Magnesium sulfate
  • Potassium chloride

General anesthetics

• Inhalational anesthestics (Redirects: Volatile anesthetics)
  • Chloroethane (Redirects: Ethyl chloride)
  • Chloroform
  • Cyclopropane
  • Desflurane (Redirects: Suprane)
  • Diethyl ether (Redirects: Ether)
  • Enflurane
  • Halothane (Redirects: Fluothane)
  • Isoflurane (Redirects: Forane)
  • Methoxyflurane
  • Nitrous oxide
  • Sevoflurane (Redirects: Ultane)
  • Xenon
• Intravenous anesthetics
  • Etomidate (Redirects: Amidate)
  • Ketamine (Redirects: Esketamine, Ketalar)
  • Methohexital (Redirects: Brevital)
  • Propofol (Redirects: Diprivan)
  • Thiopental (Redirects: Sodium pentothal)

Imaging dyes

• Fluorescein
• Indocyanine green
• Methylene blue (Redirects: Methylthioninium chloride)

Inodilators

• Dobutamine
• Milrinone (Redirects: Primacor)

Inotropes

Redirects: Negative inotropes, Positive inotropes

• Negative inotropes
  • Beta blockers
• Positive inotropes
  • Calcium chloride
  • Calcium gluconate
  • Dobutamine
  • Dopamine
  • Ephedrine
  • Epinephrine
  • Isoprenaline
  • Milrinone
  • Norepinephrine

Intravenous fluids

• Albumin
• Hetastarch (Redirects: Hydroxyethyl starch)
• Intravenous sugar solution (Redirects: D5, D50, D5W, D5NS, D5LR)
• Normal saline (Redirects: NS)
• Lactated Ringer's (Redirects: LR)
• Normosol
• Plasma-lyte
• Sodium bicarbonate

Local anesthetics

• Benzocaine
• Bupivacaine (Redirects: Marcaine)
• Chloroprocaine (Redirects: Nesacaine)
• Procaine (Redirects: Novocain, Novocaine)
• Lidocaine (Redirects: Xylocaine)
• Mepivacaine (Redirects: Carbocaine)
• Ropivacaine (Redirects: Naropin)
• Tetracaine

Local anesthetic adjuvants

• Clonidine
• Epinephrine
• Fentanyl
• Hydromorphone
• Ketamine
• Midazolam
• Morphine
• Neostigmine
• Sufentanil
• Sodium bicarbonate

Neuromuscular blockers

• Cisatracurium (Redirects: Nimbex)
• Mivacurium
• Rocuronium (Redirects: Zemuron)
• Succinylcholine (Redirects: Anectine)
• Vecuronium

Opioids

• Opioid agonists
  • Opium alkaloids and derivatives
    • Buprenorphine (Redirects: Subutex)
    • Codeine
    • Hydrocodone (Redirects: Vicodin)
    • Hydromorphone (Redirects: Dilaudid)
    • Morphine
    • Oxycodone (Redirects: Oxycontin, Roxicodone)
  • Synthetic opioids
    • Alfentanil (Redirects: Alfenta)
    • Fentanyl (Redirects: Sublimaze)
    • Methadone
    • Meperidine (Redirects: Demerol, Pethidine)
    • Remifentanil (Redirects: Ultiva)
    • Sufentanil (Redirects: Sufenta)
  • Tramadol (Redirects: Ultram)
• Opioid antagonists
  • Naloxone (Redirects: Narcan)
  • Naltrexone
• Buprenorphine/naltrexone (Redirects: Suboxone)

Sedative hypnotics

• Dexmedetomidine
• Etomidate
• Ketamine
• Methohexital
• Midazolam
• Propofol
• Thiopental

Steroids

• Dexamethasone (Redirects: Decadron)
• Hydrocortisone

Uterotonics

• Carboprost (Redirects: Hemabate)
• Methylergometrine (Redirects: Methergine, Methylergonovine)
• Misoprostol (Redirects: Cytotec)
• Oxytocin (Redirects: Pitocin)

Vasodilators

• Calcium channel blockers
  • Clevidipine (Redirects: Cleviprex)
  • Nicardipine (Redirects: Cardene)
  • Nimodipine (Redirects: Nimotop)
• Pulmonary vasodilators
  • Nitric oxide (Redirects: NO)
  • Epoprostenol (Redirects: Flolan, Prostacyclin, Prostaglandin I2)
• Dobutamine
• Fenoldopam (Redirects: Corlopam)
• Hydralazine
• Milrinone
• Nitroglycerin
• Sodium nitroprusside (Redirects: Nipride)
• Sildenafil (Redirects: Revatio, Viagra)

Vasoconstrictors

• Ephedrine
• Epinephrine
• Phenylephrine
• Norepinephrine
• Dopamine
• Vasopressin (Redirects: Vasostrict)

Other drugs

• Octreotide

Procedures in anesthesia

• Airway procedures
• Neuraxial anesthesia
• Regional anesthesia
• Vascular access procedures
  • Arterial line (Redirects: Aline, Art line)
  • Peripheral IV (Redirects: PIV)
  • Central line
    • Central venous catheter (Redirects: Triple lumen)
    • Introducer sheath
    • Peripherally inserted central catheter (Redirects: PICC line)

Subspecialties in anesthesia

• Cardiothoracic anesthesia (adult)
• Critical care medicine
• Neuroanesthesia
• Obstetric anesthesia
• Pain medicine
• Pediatric anesthesia
• Pediatric cardiac anesthesia
• Perioperative medicine
• Regional anesthesia and acute pain
• Transplant anesthesia

Surgical procedures

Cardiac surgery

• Aortic procedures
  • Aortoplasty for supravalvular stenosis
  • Repair of aortic aneurysm with graft
• Circulatory assist procedures
  • Insertion of permanently implantable aortic counterpulsation ventricular assist device (Redirects: VAD insertion)
  • Insertion of percutaneous ventricular assist device (Redirects: pVAD insertion)
  • Implantation of total replacement heart system (Redirects: Artificial heart, Total artificial heart)
  • Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (Redirects: ECMO, Extracorporeal life support, ECLS)
• Electrophysiology procedures
  • Insertion of pacemaker or ICD (Redirects: Pacemaker, Implantable cardioverter defibrillator, ICD)
  • Intracardiac catheter ablation for the treatment of arrhythmia (Redirects: Ablation, Afib ablation)
• Myocardial procedures
  • Excision of intracardiac tumor
  • Ventriculomyotomy
  • Ventricular aneurysmectomy
• Revascularization procedures
  • Coronary artery bypass graft (Redirects: CABG)
  • Off-pump and minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (Redirects: OPCAB, MICAB)
  • Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (Redirects: PTCA)
  • Transmyocardial laser revascularization
  • Coronary endarterectomy
• Pericardial procedures
  • Pericardiocentesis
  • Pericardiectomy
• Septal procedures
  • Septal myectomy/myotomy
  • Transcatheter closure of ASD or VSD
  • Open repair of ASD or VSD
• Transplant procedures
  • Heart transplant
  • Heart-lung transplant
  • Lung transplant
• Valvular procedures
  • Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (Redirects: TAVR, TAVI)
  • Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (Redirects: TMVR, TMVI)
  • Aortic valve repair or replacement (Redirects: AVR)
  • Mitral valve repair or replacement (Redirects: MVR)
  • Tricuspid valve repair or replacement
  • Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty

General surgery

• Biliary tract surgery
  • Cholecystectomy (Redirects: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Open cholecystectomy)
  • Excision of bile duct tumor
  • Choledochal cyst excision or anastomosis
  • Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage
  • Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
  • Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
• Breast surgery
  • Mastectomy
  • Breast biopsy
  • Sentinel lymph node biopsy
• Colorectal surgery
  • Anorectal surgery (Redirects: Hemorrhoidectomy, Lateral internal sphincterotomy, Incision and drainage of perianal abscess, High Resolution Anoscopy (HRA), Sacral nerve stimulation for fecal incontinence)
  • Colectomy (Redirects: Laparoscopic colectomy, Open colectomy)
  • Pelvic exenteration
  • Proctectomy
  • Rectal prolapse surgery
    • Mucosal sleeve resection (Redirects: Delorme Procedure)
    • Perineal rectosigmoidectomy
    • Rectopexy (Redirects: Laparoscopic rectopexy, Minimally invasive rectopexy, Open abdominal rectopexy)
• Endocrine surgery
  • Adrenalectomy
  • Thyroidectomy
  • Parathyroidectomy (Redirects: Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP), Open parathyroidectomy)
• Esophageal surgery
  • Cervical esophagostomy (Redirects: Esophagostomy)
  • Esophagectomy
    • Thoracoabdominal esophagectomy
    • Minimally invasive esophagectomy
    • Transhiatal esophagectomy
    • Ivor Lewis esophagectomy
    • McKeown esophagectomy (Redirects: Tri-incisional esophagectomy)
  • Esophageal diverticulectomy (Redirects: Laparoscopic esophageal diverticulectomy, Minimally invasive esophageal diverticulectomy, Open esophageal diverticulectomy, Zenker's divericulectomy)
  • Esophagomyotomy (Redirects: Heller myotomy, Laparoscopic esophagomyotomy, Minimally invasive esophagomyotomy, Open esophagomyotomy)
  • Esophagastric fundoplication (Redirects: Laparoscopic esophagastric fundoplication, Minimally invasive esophagastric fundoplication, Nissen fundoplication, Open esophagastric fundoplication)
  • Surgical repair of esophageal perforation or rupture
• Hepatic surgery
  • Hepatic resection (Redirects: Laparoscopic hepatic resection, Minimally invasive hepatic resection, Open hepatic resection)
  • Hepatorrhaphy
  • Liver transplant
• Intestinal surgery
  • Appendectomy (Redirects: Laparoscopic appendectomy, Open appendectomy)
  • Closure of enteric fistula
  • Duodenotomy (Redirects: Laparoscopic duodenotomy, Open duodenotomy)
  • Enterolysis procedure (Redirects: Lysis of adhesions)
  • Inguinal hernia repair (Redirects: Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, Minimally invasive inguinal hernia repair, Open inguinal hernia repair)
  • Meckel's diverticulectomy
  • Ostomy procedure
  • Small bowel resection (Redirects: Laparoscopic small bowel resection, Minimally invasive small bowel resection, Open small bowel resection)
  • Ventral hernia repair (Redirects: Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair, Minimally invasive ventral hernia repair, Open ventral hernia repair)
• Pancreatic surgery
  • Pancreatectomy (Redirects: Distal pancreatectomy, Segmental pancreatectomy, Total pancreatectomy)
  • Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Redirects: Whipple procedure)
• Splenic surgery
  • Splenectomy
  • Splenorrhaphy (Redirects: Repair of ruptured spleen)
• Stomach surgery
  • Gastric resection (Redirects: Gastrectomy, Laparoscopic gastric resection, Minimally invasive gastric resection, Open gastric resection)
  • Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) (Redirects: G-tube)
  • Gastric or duodenal perforation repair (Redirects: Duodenal perforation repair, Gastric perforation repair)
  • Bariatric surgery
    • Gastric bypass surgery
      • Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (Redirects: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, Open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass)
      • Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (Redirects: (BPD/DS), Laparoscopic biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch, Open biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch)
    • Gastric restrictive surgery
      • Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding
      • Open vertical sleeve gastrectomy
• Trauma surgery

Oral and maxillofacial surgery

Redirects: OMFS

Neurosurgery

• Functional neurosurgery
  • Deep brain stimulation (Redirects: DBS)
  • Vagus nerve stimulation (Redirects: VNS)
  • Responsive neurostimulation (Redirects: RNS)
• Intracranial neurosurgery
  • Awake craniotomy
  • Bifrontal craniotomy for CSF leak
  • Craniotomy for intracranial aneurysm
  • Craniotomy for cerebral embolectomy
  • Craniotomy for intracranial vascular malformations
  • Craniotomy for extracranial-intracranial revascularization (Redirects: ECIC bypass, EC-IC bypass)
  • Craniotomy for tumor resection
  • Craniotomy for trauma
  • Transphenoidal resection of pituitary tumor
  • Craniotomy for resection of epeleptogenic focus
• Spinal neurosurgery
  • Anterior cervical spine surgery
  • Posterior cervical spine surgery
  • Anterior thoracic spine surgery
  • Posterior thoracic spine surgery
  • Anterior lumbar/lumbosacral spine surgery
  • Posterior lumbar/lumbosacral spine surgery
• CSF aspiration, diversion, or shunt procedures
  • Ventriculocisternostomy (Redirects: Torkildsen type operation)
  • Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (Redirects: VP shunt)
  • Ventriculoatrial shunt (Redirects: VA shunt, VAS)

Obstetric and gynecologic surgery

Redirects: OB/GYN

• Cesarean section (Redirects: C-Section)
• Dilation and curettage (Redirects: D&C)
• Endometrial ablation
• Hysterectomy (Redirects: TAH, Total abdominal hysterectomy)
• Hysteroscopy
• Myomectomy (Redirects: Fibroidectomy, Uterine myomectomy)
• Oophorectomy (Redirects: BSO, Salpingoophorectomy, USO)
• Ovarian torsion surgery
• Pelvic exenteration
• Tubal ligation
• Vaginectomy

Ophthalmic surgery

Redirects: Ophthomology

• Cataract surgery
• Corneal transplant
• Traveculectomy
• Ectropion repair
• Entropion repair
• Ptosis repair
• Eyelid reconstruction
• Pterygium excision
• Repair of ruptured of lacerated globe (Redirects: Ruptured globe, Lacerated globe)
• Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) (Redirects: DCR)
• Enucleation
• Orbitotomy

Orthopedic surgery

• Foot and ankle surgery
• Hand surgery
  • Hand or digit replantation
  • Carpal tunnel release
  • Fixation of fractures and dislocation of the wrist and hand
  • Wrist arthroscopy
  • Darrach procedure
  • Arthrodesis of the wrist
  • Excision of ganglion of the wrist
  • Palmar and digital fasciectomy
  • Repair of laceracted nerves/tendons of the hand
  • Fixation of fractures and dislocations of the wrist and hand
• Joint replacement surgery
  • Hip arthroplasty (Redirects: THA, Total hip arthroplasty)
  • Knee arthroplasty (Redirects: TKA, Total knee arthroplasty)
  • Shoulder arthroplasty (Redirects: TSA, Total shoulder arthroplasty)
• Orthopedic oncology surgery
• Spine surgery
• Sports surgery

Otolaryngology

Redirects: ENT, Otorhinolaryngology

• Airway procedures
  • Bronchoscopy
  • Laryngoscopy
• Ear, audiovestibular, and temporal bone procedures
• Esophageal surgery
  • Esophageal diverticulectomy (Redirects: Laparoscopic esophageal diverticulectomy, Minimally invasive esophageal diverticulectomy, Open esophageal diverticulectomy, Zenker's divericulectomy)
  • Esophagoscopy
• Pharyngeal surgery
  • Glossectomy
  • Tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy (Redirects: Adenoidectomy, T&A, Tonsillectomy)
• Nasal surgery
  • Rhinoplasty and/or septoplasty
• Neck surgery
  • Cricothyroidotomy
  • Laryngectomy
  • Lymph node biopsy
  • Submandibular gland excision
  • Tracheal resection
  • Tracheotomy (Redirects: Tracheostomy)
• Salivary and parotid surgery
  • Parotidectomy
• Sinus surgery
  • Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (Redirects: FESS)
  • Maxillectomy

Pediatric surgery

• Pediatric cardiac surgery
  • Anastomosis of pulmonary artery to aorta (Redirects: Damus-Kaye-Stan procedure)
  • Ascending aorta to pulmonary artery shunt (Redirects: Waterson shunt)
  • Banding of pulmonary artery
  • Descending aorta to pulmonary artery shunt (Redirects: Potts-Smith shunt)
  • Excision of coarctation of aorta
  • Repair of pulmonary venous stenosis
  • Repair of anomalous pulmonary venous return
  • Repair of hypoplastic or interrupted aortic arch
  • Repair of transposition of the great arteries
  • Repair of truncus arteriosus (Redirects: Rastelli procedure)
  • Repair of patent ductus arteriosus
  • Subclavian to pulmonary artery shunt (Redirects: Blalock-Taussig shunt)
  • Superior vena cava to pulmonary artery (Redirects: Glenn procedure)
• Pediatric neurosurgery
• Pediatric otorhinolaryngology
  • Myringotomy for ear tubes

Plastic surgery

• Burn surgery
  • Burn wound debridement
  • Burn wound skin grafting
  • Burn wound scar revision

Thoracic surgery

• Bronchopulmonary lavage
• Chest wall resection
• Drainage of empyema
• Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (Redirects: EBUS-TBNA)
• Lobectomy
• Lung volume reduction surgery
• Mediastinal tumor resection
• Mediastinoscopy
• Pneumonectomy
• Repair of pectus excavatum or carinatum
• Thoracoplasty
• Thymectomy
• Tracheal resection
• Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (Redirects: VATS)
• Wedge resection of lobe (segmentectomy)

Vascular surgery

• Arteriovenous access for hemodialysis (Redirects: AV fistula, Dialysis fistula)
• Carotid endarterectomy (Redirects: CEA)
• Endovascular stent grafting of aortic aneurysms
• Lumbar sympathectomy
• Permanent vascular access
• Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (Redirects: TIPS)
• Varicose vein stripping and ablation

Urologic surgery

• Brachytherapy
• Circumcision
• Cystectomy
• Kidney transplant (Redirects: Renal transplant)
• Lithotripsy (Redirects: ESWT, Extracorporeal shock wave therapy)
• Nephrectomy
• Nephrostomy
• Orchiectomy
• Penectomy
• Prostatectomy (Redirects: Transurethral resection of the prostate, TURP)
• Pelvic exenteration
• Suprapubic cystostomy (Redirects: Suprapubic catheter)

Out-of-operating room procedures

• Cardioversion
• Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) (Redirects: ECT)
• Gastroenterology procedures
  • Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
  • Colonoscopy
  • Upper GI endoscopy